Why have more than one specimen?

Scientists collect more than one specimen because there is a great deal of variation within a single species. Although a description exists for each species, that description cannot encompass all the variation found across the geographic range of a species or even among one population of that species. Multiple specimens help researchers better confirm species identifications.

 

A large sample size is essential for understanding genetic variation within and among populations allowing researchers to reconstruct the history, formation and origin of a species. 

 

Above is an example of variation in coloration of two individuals of the Least chipmunk (Tamius minimus).